|
Tlatilco culture is a culture that flourished in the Valley of Mexico between the years 1250 BCE and 800 BCE,〔These dates, from Diehl and from Bradley and Joralemon, are radiocarbon dates, which are earlier in Mesoamerica than the corresponding chronological dates -- chronologically, the Tlatilco culture lasts from 1450 BCE until 900 BCE (Pool, p. 7). Tolstoy, however, gives slightly different dates.〕 during the Mesoamerican Early Formative period. Tlatilco, Tlapacoya, and Coapexco are the major Tlatilco culture sites. Tlatilco culture shows a marked increase in specialization over earlier cultures, including more complex settlement patterns, specialized occupations, and stratified social structures. In particular, the development of the chiefdom centers at Tlatilco and Tlapacoya is a defining characteristic of Tlatilco culture. This period also saw a significant increase in long distance trade, particularly in iron ore, obsidian, and greenstone, trade which likely facilitated the Olmec influence seen within the culture, and may explain the discovery of Tlatilco-style pottery near Cuautla, Morelos, to the south.〔Grove discusses ceramics "identical with certain vessels found in association with Preclassic burials at Tlatilco" (p. 62).〕 ==Defining the Tlatilco culture== Archaeologically, the advent of the Tlatilco culture is denoted by a widespread dissemination of artistic conventions, pottery, and ceramics known as the Early Horizon (also known as the Olmec or San Lorenzo Horizon), Mesoamerica's earliest archaeological horizon.〔Pool, p. 181.〕 Specifically, the Tlatilco culture is defined by the presence of:〔Diehl, p. 153-160.〕 * Both ritual and utilitarian ceramics. * Both animal and human figurines rendered in a somewhat stylized manner. * Clay masks and other exotic ritual objects. * Elaborate burials with grave offerings. * Olmec-style decorations, motifs, designs, and figurines such as the hollow "baby-face" figurines or the ''pilli''-style costumed males. The Olmec influence is unmistakable. One survey of Tlatilco graves found that Olmec-style objects were "ubiquitous" in the earliest upper-middle status burials but were unrelated to wealth. That is, no correlation was found between the markers of high status and Olmec-style objects, and although larger numbers of Olmec-style objects were found in rich graves, they constituted a smaller percentage of the grave goods there.〔Tolstoy, p. 119.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tlatilco culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|